China‘’s poverty mainly occurs in rural areas. Only by blocking the intergenerational transmission of rural poverty can Chinas poverty be fundamentally eliminated. The construction of the newborn population security system is the fundamental policy to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty. This paper points out the significance of building a newborn population security system for farmers to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty; and argues that the cause of rural poverty is the difference between urban and rural areas. This paper puts forward a series of effective measures to block the intergenerational transmission of rural poverty, and suggests that only by making the newborn population of farmers having good health and receiving good education can we block the intergenerational transmission of poverty of the newborn population of farmers and build a well-off society in an all-round way.